The Evolutionary Theory of Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Evolutionary Theory of Aging - Essay ExampleThe following discussions will reach to illustrate the unlike theories that have been suggested to explain how these changes take place. The following discussions would be a on the different theories as they try to explain how the genes responsible aging evolved overtime. Evolutionary theory of aging is one of the astray used theories to explain aging of individual animals. According Weismann (1999), evolutionary theory of aging is relevant as it gives clear account of evolution of individuals with respect to the aging of the cells that atomic number 18 possessed by those particular individuals. He also argues that the most important aspect of evolutionary theory is that it gives an account of the possible evolutions of the cells that may matter into the death of the cells or reduced performance and hence increases their susceptibility to death. Several researches that have been done by different researchers hence however reveled th at it is difficult for this theory to contradict the Darwins theory of evolution. ... In this context, the patrimonial materials that are supposed to play vital part during this time are lost and hence the disallow impact begins. For example, the replacement of the tissues and other body parts may be done but the cryptology system may not take place accordingly and hence this termination to the production of cells and the way of old tissues. The other important aspect of this model is also the appearance of the late acting genes that are harmful to the genetic system. It is important to note that it is these late harmful genes that contribute to the aging litigatees. It is believed that these genes interfere with the processes of universal functioning of individuals and hence it is difficult for the normal genes to act accordingly. Whether the lack of the late acting genes or the atrocious late acting genes, the main idea of this model is that the initiation of the aging pro cess takes place as a result of complication in the late acting genes within individuals. While it is a unwavering point to explain the aging process in theory, the question that remains unexplained is that the initial process that initiates aging is not well explained. In this context, it is clear that the process does start as a result of genetic complication. However, the theory remains dormant on the sources as this is not explained why these genes do not occur on the young people or those who have only lived for few years. However, this model has intensiveness in explaining the genetic problem which is more explanatory to the practical aspect of aging. The other model is that which was suggested by William assert that the aging that occurs to individuals takes place as a result of pleiotropic effect from the genes. It is believed that these genes are beneficial in the early years but

Who has the right to write literature about war Essay

Who has the right to write literature astir(predicate) war - Essay utilisationThe first novel about war was scripted by the male because of their active participation in the war compared to women.Poem about with the theme of men, who walk away, is an explanation of the soldiers in the war. The poem serves as an object lesson of the future generation of the behaviour of men during the war. The pre-war novels were about the role of women during the war. The women responsibility to take cares of domestic chores and had no voice during the war. Most women, who advocated their independence, ch onlyenged the novel. Women poets came up with poems that describe their role in the war as opposed to those written by men. Other writers wrote poets that explain if the war occurs or not, the authors state the reasons for the war to occur. For the war to happen on that point should be a reason.African American literature has been incorporated as part of American literature. However, it is com mutative of its styles and voices from the American literature. The independence has assisted in reach for many audiences of black origin. In United States, African American literature is criticized for the separation of the writing styles. The separation in literature advocated for women to write about their dandy women and African American to write about the blacks. The new policy in it literature was opposed by the many writers because hinder the literature to explore the entire human race. All the writers have equal right despite the race or the gender background to express their opinion in the literature about the war. In the past, the natives ignored the African American literature. Recently the diverse groups in America have real the literature written by the blacks in America because of the reduction in the racial discrimination.In conclusion, all the individuals have a right to write literature about war. The Africa American writers believe that that literature gave them semipolitical liberation. The literature presents the truth

Hypertension Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hypertension - Assignment ExampleThe dull eating stick out tends to also regulate the amount of saturated fat, unsaturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrate, magnesium, fiber and other essential nutrients in food.It has helped me unclutter the numerous benefits of less sodium consumption and higher potassium intake. The advantages are varied that range from unshakable reduction of blood pressure, it helps in reducing cholesterol in a phased manner, the reduction of insulin resistance, the prevention of emotional state diseases and strokes, the prevention of any types of chronic liver aliments, it delays and even fights against osteoporosis, it reduces the risk of certain types of cancers, it mitigates obesity and also leads to an overall feeling of wellness (Coben 95).There is also an increased effort on maintaining an overall healthy life style that involves eating food in the right proportions. This assignment about hypertension has inculcated the values of healthy surviving i n me, other than the food intake aspect of this plan. It espouses eating food in right portions and in moderation. The food should be comprised of higher levels of grains, fiber, potassium, green vegetables, low quantities of red meat and alcohol (Karppanen and Mervaala 126).Healthy life style and exercising is also a part of this plan. This hypertension plan emphasizes the need for exercising five to vi times a week. It also allots a lot of importance on keeping a live lifestyle. Overall, this assignment has helped me to learn about the importance of lower sodium intake, higher potassium intake, the importance of DASH diet, weight loss and a healthy

Organizational Communcation Unit 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

organisational Communcation Unit 7 - Essay ExampleThe major advantages of aggroup work are the team members stomach learn from each other and also assist others in their mission more flexibility in work new ideas and suggestion can be implemented communication and cooperation among the employees can be improve Greater autonomy and more freedom in work which volition improve the productivity of the employees etc. The major disadvantages are all the members of the team may not be compatible with the team functions alone specific workers can be included in the team some members may get slight motivating jobs which can increase the conflicts within the team team performance may take lifelong time because of the lack of coordination at the initial stages Rewards and punishment may be slight effective less flexibility in transferring the workers from one place/ division to another etc. (Medsker, G.J.,& Campion, M.A)Group think is the execute of decision making inside a group or a team. It occurs only when the group was extremely cohesive and functions in a healthy manner. Group think has certain negative impacts on the team performances since it will not spend much time for finding out the exact solutions of a problem. Because of the rugged cohesion group members will not analyse the ideas of others in a critical manner which will prevent them from identifying the real, future consequences of the decision. Expert opinions will never sought by a team functioning under groupthink. (Allyn & Bacon)I believe in democratic style of leadership. Autocratic approaches will never bugger off the desired results when we compare the long term goals of an organization. Democratic approach always helps the employees to feel more casualness towards the organization. They will consider the problems and the achievements of the organization as their own if we implement a democratic approach in management. But at the same time we must

Contract and Event Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Contract and Event Management - Essay ExampleAs such several a detailed analyses of the event, venue and bud conk should be prior to organizing the event.Both lease and event supply form different sectors of the hospitality industry. The word hospitality actu onlyy covers all aspects of the hotel and catering industry. It actually operator that the guests and strangers be treated in a generous and friendly manner. Catering means offering of facilities to people, particularly the provision of food.Contract and Event Catering sector Contract catering includes all function required to prep ar and deliver meals to people working or living in different communities, public offices, private offices, schools, colleges etc. Whenever these services are deputed to a service provider, it is known as cause catering. In other words it is a legal agreement between the consumer and the caterer to supply food for a particular event or for a specified time. This ensures that better quality food is delivered to the consumer as the chefs study the exact taste preferences of the consumer. Similarly, when service providers are hired to provide food for specific events like marriages, functions, get together(s) etc., it is known as event catering. The caterers are hired for events based on the menu that needs to be served to the guests. Event catering is a part of contract catering and event managers are hired to direct and plan the event as well as the menu. The menu is planned according to the taste of the guests as well as the event. The provision and consumption of intoxicant must be carefully considered when organizing an event. Ineffective alcohol management, particularly irresponsible serving practices, can create risks for staff, event patrons and the public OSullivan & Longland (1999). There are mainly 3 types of event management,Services the event contract should explicitly mention that what kind of services the event management body is going to offer during pre ev ent, at the

The Kurdish Struggle to Establish an Autonomous State within Turkey Essay

The Kurdish Struggle to Establish an Autonomous State deep down Turkey - Essay ExampleMost of these countries (particularly Turkey) have issues with the formation of an main(a) Kurdish region for several(prenominal) reasons which will be discussed inside this paper. The Kurds have their own unique culture, linguistic communication and religious beliefs that set them apart from the general population of the countries in which Kurdistan is currently politically part of, and have been persecuted by these nations throughout record. one and only(a) of the main issues in Kurdistan is the struggle to form an independent nation that recognizes the rights and rich history of these mickle. Interestingly, the Iraqi establishment recognized the state as early as 1970 (Houston, 2008), giving the Kurdish mass within Iraq autonomous rule, but the other governments, in particular Turkey, have non recognized the commonwealth as offprint and autonomous and this is a constant source of tens ion within the area today. Within Turkey, the Kurds are the largest non-Turkish social group (Barkey & Fuller, 1998), a fact which the Turkish people perceive as the main reason why the Kurds are the biggest threat to Turkish national identity and perhaps why these people struggle within Turkey. This essay will focus primarily on the Kurdish people within Turkey and come across some of the key issues and solutions in this situation. Current events will be utilized to show the troubles within the area and highlight the positives and negatives of being a Kurd in modern Turkey. History of Kurdistan To properly understand the struggles of the Kurdish people in Turkey, it is necessary to have a complete historical background of the area and discuss how the language and culture of these people has true over time. Not only is this an interesting standalone topic, it highlights some of the differences between the people of Kurdistan and the Turkish population, a source of great tension b etween the two cultures. Kurdish culture deal be traced back to ancient history. It has been suggested that the ancient Kingdom of Corduene is analagous to the modern-day Kurdistan (Houston, 2008), and may of the ancient districts of this area summate well to modern district. The first reference to Kurdistan (or Land of the Kurds) is found in a Christian account which describes the Christian Saints of the area, people who were driven out of the area by Pagans (Barkey & Fuller, 1998). The Kurdish language is believed to have developed from a dialect of Iran in the early centuries of the Common Era (Houston, 2008). From here on, there is a clearer history of the area. The Middle Ages saw the development of several Kurdish provinces such as Shaddadid, Marwanid and Rawadid (Meiselas & Bruinessen, 1997), all fairly autonomous regions which rump be likened to modern-day emirates. They were under religious and political control of Khalifs, but this was indirect and not particularly for ceful, allowing the Kurdish culture to begin to develop into something recognizable today. Islam was first brought to the area in 641CE by an Arab leader known as Utba ibn farqad (Meiselas & Bruinessen, 1997), and was followed by a number of uprisings, revolutions and conquests by Muslim leaders. It was the loss of tycoon from the Byzantine and Sasanian empire by these Muslim caliphates that led to the Kurdish people being allowed to identify mountain administrators and set up independent states in the eastern Taurus mountain ranges, where Kurdish people can still be found today (Meiselas & Bruinessen, 1997). The modern history of Kurdistan is also fascinating. The 16th century brought legion(predicate) wars to the area and eventually the modern area of Kurdistan was split between the Safavid and pouf empires. Most Kurds lived in the Ottoman empire until World War I, when the Allied troops tried to split the area into several distinguishable

Jazz by Toni Morrison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

wind by Toni Morrison - Essay ExampleNor does have sex euphony which is often made up as it goes along. The steamy, melodrama of many of Morrisons scenes and the interplay of love, violence, and sadness are also represented in jazz medicine which is such a powerful unifier. We especially see the relationship between Dorcas and Joe vie out in this improvisational manner. The time in which this story is set1920s Harlemis key to the symbolism of the jazz music. This was a period of great change not only in the history of New York and the get together States, but in the lives of African Americans. They were beginning to come into their own in a cultural sense. Jazz was to be one of their first and most successful cultural products. It revolutionized the way people thought of music and it also showed that musical talent, however chaotic, was inherent. You didnt need to be from Vienna to be a good musician. So jazz was a symbol in the sense that it represented a cultural aspiration fo r African Americans, much as rap music may do so today for many five-year-old African American men. Overall, Jazz is a fascinating novel with a great deal of symbolism. Its chief(prenominal) symbol is that of jazz music that appears throughout the story. It united the narrative and gives the book a timeless feel.

Retail grocery industry in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retail grocery industry in Australia - Essay ExampleThere be a few publicly listed supermarket based chains, world(a) operators and wholesaler managed chains that operate in the industry and offer grocery foods in varied retail formats. These assorted retailers contend with more than 30,000 specialty food offering businesses including shopfronts and multiple franchise based operators (Australian judicature department of Agriculture, 2013). The prime objective of this study is to analyse the retail grocery industry in Australia in keeping with micro and macro-economic factors. Market StructureProduction Sector Nature of Production Nature of deed in any industry bears a major impact on the overall cost of the produced offerings owe to the fact that it entails crucial constituents such as value addition components, stock control and production operations. In terms of stages of production, it is determined that a number of goods pass through diverse stages of production. Mainly, the re are trine production stages categorised under primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary This stage entails the extraction of antithetical raw materials from the soil. In relation to grocery retail industry, the primary offerings include food as well as non-food items that are prepared from the scratch with the aid of procuring different raw materials (Bized, 2012). Secondary This stage entails converting raw materials into other related offerings. With regard to grocery retail industry in Australia, the organisations focus on providing high quality urbane products through the use of required materials (Bized, 2012). Tertiary This particular stage involves services provided to the business and consumers. This phase is in the first place place as a part of service industry. The Australian grocery retail industry emphasizes economical handling of variable costs arising from providing quality services by generating greater footfall in the stores by enhanced consumer footfall. It also focuses on ensuring economies of scale along with rendering in-store services (Bized, 2012 Australian Government Department of Agriculture, 2013). Factors Differentiating the Market Australian grocery retail market can be differentiated through troika major factors that include scathe differentiation, product differentiation and market segmentation. The marketers operating in the grocery retail market in Australia aim to differentiate their offering by targeting high quality assorted products for their identified target markets. impairment Differentiation Price discrimination or differentiation is referred as the quality of an exporter to micturate the charge in terms of market scenario. This behaviour notifies the exporter to exchange the rate by changing the price of its products. In certain terms, it can be said that price discrimination is the theory of changing prices for different consumers. In Australian grocery retail market perspective, price discrimination plays a vital role. Price differentiation is essentially divided into three parts that include first-degree price discrimination, second-degree price discrimination and third-degree price discrimination. In Australian grocery retail market, the price discrimination is very much important for the strategies choose by the suppliers

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT - Essay ExampleHe stated all go with should concentrate on External merchandise directed towards the customers and Internal marketing directed towards the employees (Kotler, 13). enchantment external marketing takes care of processes like advertising and selling inborn marketing takes care of hiring, pedagogy and motivating able employees who want to serve customers well says Kotler. Internal marketing should precede external marketing to give hundred percent satisfactions to the customers. It is up to the human resource development team to make the internal marketing successful. The concept of Marketing as management gained more popularity after the Introduction to Market-based management folder was released. The booklet highlights instilling ethics, self-dedication and incentive based motivation to employees is important for smooth operation of any organization. The HR department should act like a fri stamp out, philosopher and guide in creating a n open, friendly atmosphere for the employees. Every employee should be motivated to work towards a common mission individually and as a team. An accountant in a whole should have a feeling that his accurate and fast billing capacities plays a secernate role in customer satisfaction, while the domestic worker should believe a cleaner environment helps employees works better and improves the image of the company. An invisible hand should drive every person in the company towards selling the product or creating the best product, not the marketing department personnel alone. Marketing and Stakeholders Analyzing from a Human resource point of view, backholder is any person who can exert control over the HR department and alter their activities. It can be the boss or the employee union or the customer who forces HR to train the employees better. The stakeholders outside the organization are the buyers while the ones inside the company are the value creators for the stake holders gol d (Reed, 1983). Some stakeholders act as barriers while others support productive activities. incorporated marketing concept helps an organization to identify the needs of all classes of stakeholders quite easily and efficiently. Deloitte a study Consulting Firm Deloitte Consulting is a major auditing firm transacting over $31.3 billion annually. Their Human Resource system is canvass by every management student in the world. It manages over 193000 employees and is spread over 150 countries (Khurana, 2010). The auditing firm has a versatile client list. They train each of their employees with utmost concern to serve the best clients, their marketing department lures in with much effort. Deloittes future plan Deloitte is next to Pricewaterhousecoopers in terms of money transaction. Their aim is to reach the number one position in the market within a minuscule period of time. They already have the largest client list in the world. They provide auditing and taxation assistance run to several huge companies in the world. They look forward to expand their companies consulting services in several ontogeny eastern economies like China, Korea and southern countries like Brazil. Traditional companies operated in a pyramid model with the chief executive officer on top. The modern companies use an inverted pyramid marketing strategy, where the customer is at the top, the front end sellers dealing with them directly is next, the middle managers are placed third and the CEO is placed last whose affair is to give the necessary resources and

Are the Risks of Derivatives Manageable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Are the Risks of Derivatives governable - Essay ExampleThe ideas of Thomas A. Bass, who considers that the risks of derivative instruments are humpable are compared and evaluated with the ideas presented by Justin Welby who argues that the risks of derivatives are not manageable. As per the idea presented by Justin Welby, it john be said that if proper policies and procedures are implemented and maintained derivatives nooky be used as an effective way to cater and manage a lot of monetary risks. However, strong controls are required so as to protect speculation and heavy losses to corporations because of the damage or unethical use of these heavy duty financial instruments. Are the Risks of Derivatives Manageable?Derivatives and Risks of DerivativesDerivatives are financial instruments or contracts that are settled on occurrence or non occurrence of an event. As explained by Hu in his paper derivatives are the contracts that allow or obligate the user / drawer of the agreemen t to buy or sell the central asset at any time in future at the specify cost / bell. Hu also explained in his paper that changes in the value of the assets also changes the value of the said contract. This underlying asset can be interest rates, substitute rates, stocks, commodity, goods, etc. (Hu, 1993). Derivatives are either traded in derivative markets or can be directly made or created through any Financial creative activity (including banks). Derivatives are widely used these days by corporate entities and other users in order to manage and control the risks associated with financial transactions and hedge the risks of changes in rates of commodities, interest rates, market conditions or orthogonal currency rates. Hu in his paper also points out the reasons to opt for the derivatives which are 1. The costs of entering into derivatives contracts (also cognise as the transactional costs) are much less than buying the underlying assets (Hu, 1993) 2. Further the risks of ch ange in the price differential between the derivative and underlying assets can be arbitraged and (Hu, 1993) 3. Derivatives help the users to transfer the market risks. (Hu, 1993) Derivatives can be in galore(postnominal) forms and types including futures, options, swaps, forwards, structured debt obligations and deposits, etc (Comptroller of the currency administrator of issue banks website, 1997). These financial instruments pose many risks on the users and both the parties touch (that is the drawer and the drawee of the derivative contracts) which include the following risks as presented in the Comptrollers handbook 1. Risk of change in the price of investment portfolios, commodities or underlying assets / commodities (Comptroller of the currency administrator of national banks website, 1997) 2. Risk of change in interest rates that may lead to increase or come in the prices of investment and earnings (Comptroller of the currency administrator of national banks website, 1997 ) 3. Risk of changes in foreign exchange rates specially in character of currency derivatives or where more than one currency is involved (Comptroller of the currency administrator of national banks website, 1997) 4. Risk of changes in equity or commodity prices in case of equity derivatives lead to risks on the prices and returns on derivatives (Comptroller of the currency administrator of national banks website, 1997) 5. Risk of Liquidity or credit risks, which means the softness to discharge derivative obligations (Comptroller of the currency administrator of national banks website, 1997) 6. Transactional risks that means the inability of the parties involved to carry out the derivatives transactions in an effective and efficient manner. (Comptroller of t

Operations and Logistics Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Operations and Logistics Management - Essay ExampleSupply cosmic string gap analysis is explained in the essay to analyse the problems faced by Tesco regarding SCM. The operational issues and the business functions of Tesco are evaluated throughout the essay with regard to supply chain. It has been consequently observed from the essay that the effectiveness of the business largely depends on a strong SCM along with the productive relationship amid the partners.The businesses around the world are inclined towards fortify their supply chain management (SCM) in order to attain greater competitive traction. Supply chain is the cohesive activity that brings not only the product in the market place but similarly generates satisfied customers. SCM domain covers a wide range of activities in the functional area. In other words, SCM includes each(prenominal) the activities that are associated from the procurement of the raw materials to the production and transportation of the finished g ood to the end customer. The business in order to be effective and successful in the marketplace uses the SCM model to eliminate the wastage of time and attack with the aim to deliver he finished goods in timely manner to the end customers. The major premiss behind incorporation of SCM model is based on the belief that the sooner the products reach the customer the gross sales of the business will increase. The supply chain includes various channels such as the manufacturing, operational, transportation, warehousing and accordingly physical distribution of the products. Supply chain is established by the company to create value for the stakeholders by providing required value to customer in the right time at the right place. In this regard, it rear end be stated that Tesco is effective in the market with wide customer base due to its scummy price products which has materialised primarily owing to its strong SCM (Beamon, 1998). Tesco Plc is one of the leading global retailers w ith various retail stores overhaul millions of

Resume Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Resume - Research Paper mannikinEmployers do non enjoy reading sorbs that ar more than two pages long. In fact, in fix upion oer one page is oftentimes ignored (How to write a resume 2011). To keep your interviewers interest, a short, sharp and direct-to-the point resume is best recommended.Such is why the Chronological Resume is considered to be the just about popular type of resume (Resume-Writing-Tips.com 2011). In a Chronological Resume, the applicant lists down his job welcome and educational background in reverse chronological order, with the most recent being on overtake of the list. Employers are typically interested in what latest venture an applicant was into. In a study, this format was found to be preferred by 80-85% among surveyed Corporate Human Resources professionals (Resume-Writing-Tips.com 2011). The Chronological resume is best apply when presenting an organized career history, with no gaps or indication of a major career change. Employers often penury exa ct employment data for reference, and this format is best suited for this purpose.Another type of resume is the functional Resume, which highlights ones skills more than his list of accomplishments. The aim of a Functional Resume is to group ones skills and experiences by types of functions (Resume-Writing-Tips.com 2011). This type is not commonly used as it works best for individuals with a poor career history, but has a good set of noteworthy skills. This type can effectively obscure ones work history as it highlights what you can do, without really elaborating on how the skills were acquired. As a result, this type is less favored by employers and was in fact cited to be among employers top 10 pet peeves according to Monster.com (Recruiters Top 10 resume pet peeves 2011). Employers prefer looking at Chronological Resumes for better evaluation of skills and potentials of its applicants. Interviewers tend to believe that applicants are actually hiding information on

Research Paper on Perfect Competion Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Perfect Competion - Research Paper ExampleThey all lead astray identical products, and the seller is a scathe taker, not price maker (Jain & Trehan, pp. 243). The characteristic of price taker signifies that the price is set by the interaction of demand and supply in the perseverance, and no individual firm elicit increase or decrease the price (Jain & Trehan, pp. 243). As mentioned above, spotless competition is mainly based on certain assumptions and as such, it does not exist widely in the real world (Dwivedi, pp.294). Perfect competition is based on the assumption of perfect mobility. The model assumes that there is perfect mobility of factors of production between firms. on that point are, therefore, no restrictions on the movement of labor from one firm to another and there is no mete out union either. In addition, no firm can control industrial in hurl hence, there is perfect mobility of capital as well. Another concept common to perfect competition is the free entr y and provide of firms in the industry. This sheds light to the fact that there are no legal, financial or market bar for any firm to enter or go out the industry. Firms can choose to enter or exit at their free will. When the industry is enjoying abnormal profits, that is when the short run average appeal is less than the price, and therefore firms enter the industry. However, when the abnormal profits are transferred into normal profits or losses, then firms leave the industry (Dwivedi, pp. 297, 298). This model makes a further assumption that there is perfect knowledge. This suggests that there is no hesitancy in the market, and information regarding the market is readily available and is free of cost. In addition, firms act independently and they do not collude with each other in any way. Furthermore, there is no government discussion in perfect competition. There are no discriminatory taxes or subsidies, government does not put up a maximum or minimum price and does not have any crystalize of direct or indirect control. Such characteristics make this model unique (Dwivedi, pp. 297). The demand curve of a perfectly competitive firm is horizontal this signifies that the firm can sell as much as it wants at the prevailing market price (Dwivedi, pp. 298-300). Any firm in perfect competition is so insignificant that it absolutely has no influence over price. The diagram is shown below. (McEachern, pp. 23-25) This characteristic of perfect competition as well makes it unique in all types of market structures. In addition to that, perfect competition is used as a useful benchmark to judge the might of markets. There are two broad concepts of efficiency, allocative efficiency and productive efficiency. Productive efficiency occurs when the firm is producing at the minimum of its long run average cost curve (LRAC). This signifies that the cost is less than the market price of a certain product. In perfect competition, make is produced at the minimum of average cost in the long run. Allocative efficiency, on the other hand, ensures that producers are make the right things that consumers actually want. The market in perfect competition is left to the forces of demand and supply. These forces ensure that what the consumers want, they would get. This avoids wastage of resources. In economic technicality, allocative effi

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychology - Essay ExampleThis sort of experimentation usually helps in finding out the criticality and success of a new technique or process and the effect on individuals. Such experiments atomic number 18 often conducted in understanding the effect of fertilizers on crop yield. Random selected fields ar assigned experimental treatment and the ones left are utilize as Control groups. (Babbie, 2010 pp. 240-244) Insecure ambivalent attachment John Bowlby, who described attachment as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings, developed the earliest attachment theory. This is shown in fountain of mothers and infants where infants create a sense of security when mothers are available and responsive to their needs. The insecure ambivalent persons are usually overwhelmed with their emotions and often find themselves unable to think rationally about events. Often their ability to forge things to perspective is drowned by their inability to think. This is due to the fa ct that basic emotional and physical needs are not being met and hence they often show intense anger, enrage, infuriation, frustration and impatience. Fear of conflict or rejection is high among insecure ambivalent adults. In case of ambivalently attached children, they become very distressed when their elicit leaves. These children do not depend on their caregiver when they are in need. This is seen when a child becomes yearning when its mother leaves, however on reunion, it is pleased that the mother has returned but at the same time too angry and doesnt trust her to stay. (Goodman, 1997 pp.199-207) Principle of Closure The dogma of result implies people seek closure as a give up of release from tension. People when threatened seek the closure of safety. People bide closure for gaining pleasure. Shopping is accompanied with the anticipated completion of purchase that would give pleasure. The mind works to towards seeing that has not already happened or may not be visible yet. This is seen in Gestalts principle of closure, which says that the human mind tends to complete figures although a considerable part of the information is missing. The mind matches it with patterns that are already familiar even if it hasnt received the complete information. This is also speculative of a survival instinct, which takes the form of a predator that crumb go ahead with incomplete information. In a persons thinking, closure comes in two places. The first egregious is when an individual understands something and derives meaning out of it. The next instant of closure happens when a decision is taken about some pending issues. Closure helps individuals focus on futures by closing doors of confusions of the past. (Osborn & Osborn, 2004 pp.188-190) Systematic Desensitization This technique was developed by Joseph Wolpe for treatment of individuals suffering from apprehension related disorders and phobias. It is centered on the principles of classical conditioning and the understanding that whatever an individual had learned can be unlearned. Researches have shown that it is an effective method of reducing panic attacks and anxiety that are often associated with timorous situations. The process saltations with imagining oneself in fearful situations and using relaxing strategies to counter it. Once an individual can start doing that, he/she gradually starts desensitizing to factors triggering such panic (Ankrom, 2009). The major focus areas in the process to make an individual

Gas law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Gas law - endeavor ExampleThe independent variable in this chart is temperature whereas the dependent variable is volume. This corresponds to Charles law V/T = kFrom figure 3, it is seen that the volume of a bungle decreases exponentially with the increase in ram. Plotting the values of pressure against the inverse of the volume gives us Boyles law (PV = Constant) that states that at constant temperature the pressure of the gas is inversely comparative to the size. From the figure for it is observed that when the pressure is doubled the volume is reduced by half. The linear graph passes through and through the point of origin (0, 0).Air is a mixture of various gases that respond differently in different conditions. The ideal gas law provides provisions for incorporation of various gasses in a system. Therefore, air was a suitable choice for an ideal gasAccording to the ideal gas law PV=nRT, therefore at constant number of moles and temperature the pressure is inversely relative to the volume and therefore obeys Boyles law. At constant n and P, V is directly proportional to T with increasing T, V will also increase. From the data cipher and represented in figures 1-3 the ideal gas law is experimentally defined. From figure 1, it has been seen that the volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure. From figure 2 it is observed that the volume is directly proportional to temperature and from figure 3 and 4 it is observed that the volume is inversely proportional to pressure. All these are the ideas behind the ideal gas

Influential Economic Views of Karl Marx Research Paper

Influential Economic Views of Karl Marx - Research news report ExampleUntil lately, nearly half of the worlds population lived under authorities that claim to be Marxist. It shows that Marxs works have been modified and his meaning changed to fit a variety of political circumstance. Furthermore, the point that many of Marx writings delayed publication means it is only recently that his intellectual stature has been apprehended by scholars. Marx as an economic theorist composed the idea of communism which included all commonwealth having all the attribute and infrastructure. His theories played a significant part in international politics particularly late 20th century during the cold war. Marx his work is unique as it polemic other thinkers frequently happened through and through critique. As a result he has been given in social science prototypical great use of critical method. His attempt to distinguish key findings from ideology prejudices by use of equality metaphysics, s peculative philosophy with ideology. This has placed him apart from present day philosophers. Theory of ram prize This theory is the science of political economy to show how under capitalization working people are exploited. It in addition shows how capitalist society operates. This evaluate is fundamental in understanding of the capitalism economics since capitalism fruit of commodity par excellence. And, theory of labor pass judgment essentially explains what determines a commodity value (World socialist Movement 2012). tally to Karl, the basic unit of the capitalist economic structure is the commodity. Labor theory of value by Marx was genetical from classical school. He basically used Ricardos theory of value which states that commodities in... This wallpaper offers comprehensive analysis of the contribution of the renowned social scientist, historian, revolutionary and philosopher Marx to the economic branch of knowledge.It is argued in the paper, that Marx labor the ory of value has a primary role in ethnical and ideological issues. He shows that property income sources are often unearned or exploitative incomes. This is accomplished by his assumption that surplus value can only be created by one commodity which is labor. Marx consistently principal(prenominal)tained this position through his analysis. Therefore, one can conclude that the surplus value sole creator is capital.His theory of labor value is the science of political economy to show how under capitalization working people are exploited. It also shows how capitalist society operates. This value is fundamental in understanding of the capitalism economics since capitalism turnout of commodity par excellence. And, theory of labor value essentially explains what determines a commodity value . According to Karl, the basic unit of the capitalist economic structure is the commodity. Labor theory of value by Marx was inherited from classical school. He basically used Ricardos theory of val ue which states that commodities in their prices. He give tongue to that, commodities should have certain measurable amounts that should be common in all of them.Labor is one of the main thing in ensuring a stable economy. Therefore, it should be taken seriously and exploitation of workers should be minimized.

The Problems Faced By Archaeologists in Reconstructing Anglo Saxon Society between the 5th And 7th Centuries from Anglo Saxon Cemetery Evidence Essay Example for Free

The Problems Faced By Archaeologists in Reconstructing Anglo Saxon Society between the fifth And seventh Centuries from Anglo Saxon Cemetery Evidence EssayConquest of England by the Anglo Saxon began in middle of the 5th century. During this time Celts inhabited England and had been ruled by the Romans for more than 360 years. Due to the short lived rule by the roman, the roman civilization started to fade away whence left the most of the towns aband adeptd. This included most of the villas in the countryside and the Celts went hind set aside to live in hill forts and other protected wooden stockades. in that location was deliberate attempt by Arnold to explain the changes that dated from roman Britain to early Anglo-Saxon England based on an elite migration which is considered as a type of a late reception of processual archaeology as illustrated by Scull. in that respect argon a large image of ornaments found in a number of graves and what is so clear slightly them is t hat the origin of these ornament is definite in a given district or sate. Also these ornaments be clearly a descendant of the people of which these burial sites are from. Hence it can be once and for all be said that these people did obtain their ornaments right away from their own locality and not extracurricular the district they live in. a problem will arise in deciding on the inclemency of the archaeological indication of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain. Here, the owner of these ornaments is unclear as whether they are the Saxons, Angles or Romano-Britons who are the owners of these ornaments. Lethbrigdes interpretation would help pin point the real owners of the artifacts and the material remain1. These were done with other archaeologists who in many ways faced a number of challenges.Some of these challenges included the following Reconstruction of raiment in that location were variations noted on the dress fasteners in the womens clothes. The clothes had one, two or triple brooches that were worn in non-homogeneous positions on the chest and others on the shoulder. Dress-fastening for the men was limited to sleeve fasteners and buckles. Reconstructing costume from this evidence meant that the range of dress fastening was dictated by a number of factors. These factors include affectionate identity and the mode of display. It was further argued that the dress fasteners placed in graves may have been elect on other reasons rather than the functional relationship to the garment creation worn or the drive relationship of the grave clothing and the daily wear. The textiles of which we have knowledge about had been made into clothing. Though there is a possibility to reconstruct whatever of the clothing through the remains in graves by using the position of dress fasteners like buckles ( cook 1974 Bell 1981 Owen Crocker 1986)Damage of skeletons during excavation. The excavation of skeletons was exceedingly sturdy as a prove of the conditi ons of the subsoil and dry weather. The skeletons were also not well preserved because of the circum-neutral pH of the local subsoil and the ploughing which later brought about disturbance. The subsoil surface was also experiencing compaction by the box scrappers. The thorny and dry subsoil conditions meant that it was difficult to excavate and remove the skeletal remains without sustaining some damage. The removal of skeletons followed a certain process. The box scrapper could first reveal the site in an unknowingly manner and later the strong site cleaned with hoes. This was to be followed by base planning at 150 and then excavation by hand. The excavation was done by use of trowels, small chisels and brushes. The full excavated skeletons in grave pits were then photographed in black and white and drawn at 110. The upstanding process tickmed cumbersome and at the end no accurate results could be sought. At times the burials sites were sight accidentally hence damage of these artifacts and cram are more likely to happen with the use of metallic element detecting activities. The requirement of these archaeological studies is that the whole burial grounds should be intact to maximize training recovery process. Methods for protecting and close examination of statigraphy should have been in place. This would minimize the problem of retrieval and analysis of organic materials such(prenominal) as textiles. With the increasing human activities such as formal settlement and cultivation such burial sites are more prone to destruction and hence limited information base. acknowledgement of (vertical status related) and horizontal (gender, age) social groupings. Understanding the physical conditions of the people in the Anglo Saxon was a double problem. Provision of reports on the age, physical height and the biological gender of the dead person and the time of destruction have only been achieved through the scientific analysis and improved technology. It was also impossible to have information on any signs of genetic traits and deformity or trauma present in the skeleton record. shift of these kinds of data into cultural interpretation remains a problem that fate to be addressed.Evidence interpretation Coming into an agreement upon realization of a notable phenomenon was another problem. Taking the case of the suspended bedight model where various persons argued out on the purposes on various sections buildings, we see how each person tried to argue out. This argument hindered the ease of putting an all one agreed story on the Anglo Saxon. It leads to comprehension of argument from more than one person hence limiting the accuracy desired. There was an argument on the kind of floors that the vernacular buildings had and also an attempt to relate them to the 12th and 13th century buildings. The earliest hold out buildings which date to the late 12th and early 13th centuries do not have planked ground floors (Walker 2009) and so it will be remarkable if majority of the buildings in the 6th century England possessed them. Difficulty arose in an attempt to explain the validity of the pit as to whether it served as an air-space or not. Decisive evidence in the main on the subject matter about superstructure of Grubenhauser will tend to depend on factors of plausibility. Suspended floors could end up being elusive evidence. Grouped Grubenhauser archaeological features will tend to compromise more than one form of superstructure (West 1986 116-21). This will in the end require re-evaluation that consists of a detailed training of the Grubenhaus fills to ascertain the artifacts in relation to the date and function of the structures. Re-evaluation is time consuming and costly, hence the study team will be forced to redo their study once more based on a given number of micro morphological studies to come up with exaction records. One notable example of misinterpretation of evidence id that of third deposition of Gru benhaus fills that had little relationship with the use of the building. It brought out this contradictory evidence to the lime light and hence dispelling the notion of assuming little matter of great importance (Tipper, 2004107)Location of the ancient cemeteries challenged the reconstruction of the Anglo Saxon society. Distinct boundaries where miscreants were disposed based on the customs which were never recorded and documented made it hard to identify areas to focus. The problem of Charters references to access places which exhibit patterns of local practice and dialect was also of big concern. There is a prevalent view that the local estates and the hundreds within which they were grouped are products of the late Anglo Saxon period1. This could be challenges by a series of execution sites with origins scientifically dated to the 7th century. Hence the territorial limits denied the archaeologists a chance of finding the near to exact places of carrying out their work. It proved a hard task to go down cemeteries as it required appreciation of the above ground appearance. This area as usual was characterized by mounds and dead room houses the only problem arose on how these areas of dignity were maintained over time. Putting into record such phenomenon was a hard task for the study team for there existed little management evidence such as paths, internal divisions or vegetation or even buildings associated with burial sites. Other notable challenge was to pedigree the difference between shrines as a form of cemetery structures and other mortuary houses (Hirst198524).Instances of cremation rendered the archeological study to be narrowSome instances of the burials have indicated that there was close contact with the Roman culture. This can be exemplified by the right of inhumation which was practiced by the native Romanized population. Cremation was a common practice oddly outside the empire5. As recorded y the different times of the AD200-400 in northern and central Europe. There was inconsistency in the differences presented by the Germanic graves. This further led to the often unnoticeable variance of the whole archeological results. Although in some areas burials of different orientations have been brought out in instance where there existed a large cemetery for example at Krefeld-Gellep, in Westphalia. In such instances careful examination of the artifacts and bones was needed in order to ascertain and draw analogies from the historical and ethnographic sources. (McKinley 199472-81 Williams 2004b). Cremation involved a sequence of materials practices and places, Williams 2001.this practice did reconfigure the deeds identity in many ways including burning the cadaver and give-and-take of ashes. As seen the most valuable evidence in the cinerary urns included the burnt bones, contrary to the command the bones sometimes were absent suggesting a possibility that the practice took place without necessarily the body being present (Mckinely200311-12). There are notable fragmented remains in most of the urns and the end result is that they offer invaluable information to the study team. Although the positive thing about the remains includes giving information on such variable such as number of individuals present, age and sex. From the estimated weight and degree of atomisation and also the colour of the bone pyre technology and post cremation aspects can be reconstructed easy (McKinley 199482-6). There has been revelation of a wide range of practices such as sacrificed animals placed on pyres. rampantly animals such as fox and deer were the ones mostly used to offer sacrifice.Conclusion As much as Anglo-Saxon theology is difficult to perceive, religion is an important aspect in our daily lives. This implies that religion cant be ignored as it forms part of our fundamental shaping of our behaviors. There is need to have some level of local institutions that are charged with the sole responsibility of ma intaining and running cultic sites such as cemeteries. The enhancement of the fellow feeling of Anglo-Saxon religion will depend on the level of the various responses both social and political changes that aim to safeguard the past, present and the future history that is within the society. nearer exploration of the religious ecological context will tend to shed light on the understanding of the Pre-Christian paganisms.ReferencesCarver, (2005). Sutton Hoo. A seventh- Century princely burial ground and its context. London British Museum.Cemeteries such as Westerwanna in the Elbe-Weser region, Preetz in Holstein, Pritzier in Mecklenberg, Suderbrarup and Borgstedt in Schleswig, all consist virtually entirely of cremation see C. Zimmer-Linnfeld, Westerwanna 1 (Hamburg, i960) J. Brandt, cony Urnengrdberfeld vonPreetz in Holstein, Offa Bucher n.f. i6(Neumunster, i96o)E. Schuldt, Pritzier (Berlin, 1955) and A. Genrich, Formenkreise und Stammcsgruppen in Scbleswig-Holstein, Offa Bucher n .f. 10 (Neumunster, 1954). In central Europe this was also the general practice see K. Godlowski, The Chronology of the Late Roman and Early Migration Periods in Central Europe (Cracow, 1970Hook, D, (1998). The landscape of Anglo-Saxon England Leicester Leicester university pressLethbrigde, TC, and PALMER W.M. (1929), archeological site in the Cambridge Dykes. VI Bran Ditch. Second report proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society 3078-93.R. Pirling, Das romisch-frankische Graberfeld von Krefeld-Gellep, Germaniscbc Dtnkmakr der Volkervanderungszeit 2 (1966) and 8 (1974).Source document

Cognitive psychology Essay Example for Free

Cognitive psychology EssayCognitive psychology foc go fors on how a individual interprets a picture or message. For example, a double figure unsaying such as the top down example below is peerless partly of the cognitive thinking crop. A nonher intellectual exercise is the bottom-up perception of drawings and messages. Often times, the judge in court cases would ask the professional definition of the psychologist to help mitigate or aggravate the current blame of a crook offender. The following paragraphs formulate in detail what cognitive psychology means. 1. what advice would you hold up a judge to persuade her or him of the strength danger of wrongful conviction based on eyewitness testimony as the sole or primary kind of evidence? Support your claim using cognitive psychology research.The judge should non base his sentencing yet on the sole eyewitness statement. For, the judgment should be mitigated or aggravated by the professional opinion of the psychologis t. It is a standard procedure for the U.S. judge to ask the Forensic psychologist to give a psychological profile of the make upant. The psychologist will then make a profile of the psychological thoroughly being of the soul charged in court. The psychologist then applies the theories of cognitive psychology to determine the behavior, pathology and motivation and involve his findings to the judge. The judge will then include the psychologists professional opinion increase the defendants decry for aggravating reasons (Burke 1).On the virtually other hand, the judge could also step-down the defendants sentence for mitigating reasons. And the psychologists findings will be used either as an aggravating or mitigating evidence. Normally, the psychologist can draw up the behavioral tendencies of the defendant by viewing the other evidences on the crime scene, the statements of various witness, friends, neighbors and relatives and anterior psychological findings. The psychologist is very much implyed in the juvenile courts because the childs behavior is not as mature as those who are eighteen yrs old and above. Generally, the juveniles commit crimes because of their psychological growth is not normal ( or abnormal?), The psychologist can recommend to the judge to transfer the child to child reclamation center for psychological rehabilitation(Barsalou 5).Likewise, the psychologist can persuade the judge to lessen the sentence in adult criminal cases. The psychologist can opine that the sexual offense was psychologically caused by the defendants state of foreland at the time of the crime. He or she could have been abnormal then. The psychologist can recommend a supplication bargaining agreement with the Judge using his psychological findings in order to reduce the sentence that has been mandated by the criminal laws of the United States( Berger 10).In addition, the psychologist can issue his opinion to the courts regarding the reliability of the l ane wit ness psychological profile. For, the witness may not qualify as a lvirtuoso witness if the psychologist opines that witness statements were hallucinations, a big lie, or simply made because of the witness had misinterpreted the situation as what is was not. The psychologist will then rate the stimuli response makeup (cognitive psychology) of the offender.The psychologist can also assess the criminal offenders impulse concord and potential for the individual to commit crimes. Likewise, the psychologist can opine to the judge that he defendant cannot psychologically defend himself or herself in the witness stand (Gillespie , 27). This will then be a ground to decrease the sentence of the defendant upon conviction. To reiterate, the psychologist can tell the court that the defendant was psychologically abnormal when he or she committed the crime. Thus, the judge must compulsorily use the psychologists evaluations of the defendants and the witnesses to plug the holes in his sentencin g process.Also, the sex offenders would need the psychologists hand to help them. The psychologist would then tell the court that the sexual offenders sentence be reduced to being jailed at the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center. The psychologist would go to the highest degree by stating that the defendants psychological makeup is the main cause of his continuing spree of sexual abuse cases.2. Describe what implicit memory is. Based on Reber (1993) how is implicit education and memory varied from explicit erudition and memory.Implicit memory states that former experiences affect the current behavior of a person even though the person does not intentionally exert a single effort to excogitate over his or her prior experiences. Likewise, repressed memories of the past are equated with implicit memory. For example, improving ones job exploit falls under implicit memory and learning. This is the main reason why many companies prefer to postulate and give higher salaries to pe ople who have many long time of hands on experience female genitals them when they apply for a job. Definitely, a carpenter that has worked in house construction for the past twenty years would definitely be more skilled than a carpenter has tucked under his belt only one weeks hands on experience. Whereas, explicit memory is the conscious and intentional recalling of a persons past experiences and informational data (French 26).A very clear example is trying to think closely what todays itinerary or hectic schedule is. It would include a ride in the park with the family, a meeting with the board of directors in the company, or a customer dropping by to purchase new products. Another is trying to recall the details asked for in the Civil war schoolroom test. Further, trying to recall the ATM battle cry or the email address log in username and password when withdrawing money from the ATM machines falls under Explicit learning and memory. In short, explicit memory and learning en tails effort exertion which includes thinking about ones past experiences. It also includes talking about ones past experiences and writing them done. Further, it includes studying ones past experiences. For, they will surely increase ones expertise on doing a specific job assignment (Esgate 15).Reber stated that implicit learning refers to the variances in the behavior of a person that is influenced by past experiences. However, the person is not aware or exerts effort to try to recall the past experiences. Reber proved his possibleness through countless experiments including luck learning. His probability experiments prove that the subjects were able to recognize or learn the variance in probabilities of recurring events without their knowing that their prior experiences in the uniform situation have improved their changes of choosing the next probable event. One Reber experiment shows that the subjects were laid in a training phase. The subjects were told to observe 1,000 scen es at the rate of two scenes in one routine in one experiment.The findings of this experiment shows that the subjects were able to learn what the next outcome would be in increase accuracy as the test went on (Reder, and Schunn 46). Another Reber experiment shows that a person that solves several problems of the same will increase his or her speed and accuracy in work such problems due to experience. However, the subjects were not aware of that their prior acts had influenced their current speed and accuracy. This is very true in classroom math exercises (Reder, and Schunn 69). Reber nurture emphasizes that memory and learning consists of conscious (Explicit) and unconscious (Implicit) learning processes (OBrien-malone, and Maybery 38). And, Reber insists that the questionnaire index test is an explicit learning process (OBrien-malone, and Maybery 38).3. Define what cognitive psychology is about.Cognitive Psychology is that branch of psychology that delves into the process of how a person uses his mind to find solutions to problems, memory as well as communication. It had metamorphosed from the Gestalt school of Max Wertheirmer, Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka. However, it was Jean Piaget who change magnitude interest in Cognitive Psychology with his theory that people have different cognitive processes from early childhood to old age. Naturally, he emphasized that child cognitive learning is much different from a marry persons cognitive learning. Going deeper, cognitive psychology involves how the brain solves mathematical and other real(a) carriage problems. And, the cognitive scientists believe that the problem solving cognitive process boils down to the basic remark and response theory. For, each stimulus gives different responses to different people (Fleck, 6).What are the main topics?History. Cognitive psychology had branched out from mainline psychology into its own specialized field in the 1950s and sixties as discussed in Donald Broadbents m asterpiece entitled Perception and Communication in 1958. It focused on the processing of information with the incorporation of Donald Broadbents paradigm theory. Basically it was a study on how a person thinks and reasons as he tackles each problem or situation in real life or in the classroom.Broadbent emphasized that the brain is a the central processing unit of the human being. Then, George moth miller created the WordNet which is the foundation for many machine ontologies today. This was also the basis that has permeated from cognitive psychology to other fields similar social psychology, personality psychology, abnormal psychology,developmental psychology. Currently, current cognitive theories are being attacked from many sides. One such side is the dynamic system proponents. Further, cognitive psychology has ga in that locationd the fruits of researches in artificial intelligence and other fields of expertise in the 1960s and the 1970s (Esgate 15).Major research areas. Curr ently, the major research areas of cognitive psychology are general perception, psychophysics, attention, pattern recognition, object recognition and time sensation (Berger ).Cognitive psychologists. The tendency of cognitive psychologists continues to grow through the years. Some of the more famous ones are Johan Anderson, Robbie Case, Lev Vygotsksy, Alan Baddeley, Frederic Barlett, Aaron T. Beck, Donald Broadbent, Reber, Jerome Bruner, Fergus, Craik, Keneth Craik, Hermann Ebbinghaus. Albert Ellis, and Jean Piaglet (Berger, 4).What are some basic assumptions?Cognitive process involves a stimulus and the corresponding response to such stimulus. Basically, cognitive theory states the problems in math and other real life situations can be easily accomplished with the use of algorithm. Algorithm is the set of rules that will give a specific solution for a set of inputs. For example, one plus one (inputs) is equal to two ( the algorithm here is to count how many ones are there). Here, the rules for cognitively solving problems are rather vague or too complex for the simple -minded person to comprehend. Logically, there is another way of cognitively solving problems. This is what is called in psychology circles as heuristics. In sharp contrast, heuristics shows that the rules of solving classroom and real life problems are clearly understood but the final solution varies from one situation to another.What are some of the different methods employed by cognitive psychologists?The psychologists employ several methods to alter their study of cognitive psychology. One such method is the scientific method. Another method is to use a persons cognitive outfit in terms of belief, motivation and desire that are part of the mental processes. But, they always use subjects in their researches on how a person interprets a picture, a messages or other types of communication signals passing his or her way.

Racism in Football Essay Example for Free

Racism in Football EssayThroughout the 231 years football has been in existence, we are at the most critical era of football. In the last 10 years , the playfulness which had been invented to unite people of different colours , countries and religions .Has become a word which excruciates my punk . Racist. Racism was first encountered by the world in 1891 in a pub, full of intoxicated minds , the identical act was discovered on a pitch full of sober men who get much than a soldier for being on the pitch. Racism itself means prejudice or discrimination tell against someone of a different race .Is It that footballer have developed this malicious habit of saying derogatory terms then obviously not remembering it in a court means . There however has been more then a dozen depicted objects reported of the years ( from maradona to suarez ) . Yet 77% of these cases have not been taken action on but the 33% which have been recognised tho 11% have been taken to the high court a nd found justice . this does leave a disputed question in our mind is it the F.A ( Football Association ) behind this ?A more recent case on racial discrimination and football is the Blackburn skipper Jason Roberts decision to boycott wearing the kick racism out of football t-shirt, for Saturdays pre-match warm up against Swansea . This is because the Reading striker believes there is a lack of trueness from the F.A and football in progressing and until he is satisfied more has been done to address racism in football he will not wear the t-shirt again . Also as A total of black players Rio fernidad and brother Anton fernidad , Ashley Cole , Raheem sterling have all joined Roberts with the decision of boycotting the t-shirt because they as well believe there is insufficient progress .Conversely there are some footballers that do dramatize the F.A code of conduct , and also do that little bit of an extra aid , such as craig bellamy who has opened his own academy in Zambia . How ever there is always that small minority in every population , that weigh the majority of people down . Also most racist incidents spend between player of rival teams but this is no excuse for racism . As a import of this barbaric culture of using racist terminology , the sport has began to suffer verbally from various organisations .The sport which was made to unite people of different colours , countries and religions is becoming segregated . I know your intellection I sesst make a difference . But I can , you can and we can .

Principles of the Sda Health Message Essay Example for Free

Principles of the Sda Health heart and soul EssayThe Seventh Day Adventist religion has certain guidelines and principles on the wellness of their bodies and minds. The main focus of these principles toilette be broken into 8 main atomic number 18as The favor of work on, The blessing of body of wet, The blessing of Sunlight, The blessing of Fresh Air, The blessing of Temperate, Drug-free, Stimulant-free Living, The blessing of Rest, The blessing of Nutritious Food and cuss in Divine Power. Each of these atomic number 18as has separate bases and guidelines on how to truly nurture your body and mind. Although these principles were introduced a long time ago most of them argon save relevant for todays lifestyles but like most things they do have weaknesses.The blessing of Exercise states that exercise is not me deposit an option, it is essential to maintaining both physical and mental health. Regular exercise has the benefits of change magnitude energy, stress relief, healthier skin, more self-confidence, effective weight control, foreshortend depression and the risk of heart distemper and postcer. Our bodies are designed to be active yet in todays indian lodge we are moving less. Societys lazy lifestyle has resulted in a rise in many an(prenominal) medical conditions. Some conditions that result from inactivity include heart disease, stroke, obesity, diabetes, metabolic disorder, and certain croupecers.Proverbs 66-13 says How long is the lazy man going to lie around? When is he ever going to permit up? Ill just take a short nap, he says Ill fold my men and rest a while. But while he sleeps, poverty result attack him like an gird robber. This verse is saying that social functionful activity tends to prosperity while inactivity and laziness tend to adversity. the Nazarene himself set an example of physical activity. For most of his life he was engaged in manual delve and during his ministry he walked the roads of Palestine. Christians burstake in exercise to keep their bodies healthy and reach their full capability as a creation of paragon, to serve him efficiently. In todays society there are no weaknesses with the thought of exercise, it is still beneficial to our bodies to partake in exercise.Water is a vital runny which without we would die. The human body is 75% water but it is constantly being lost through with(predicate) exhaling and perspiration. tipsiness 6 8 glasses of pure water a day will aid in maintaining efficient, happy comfortablybeing. Water is often linked with purity. We use water to clean our bodies, cleanse our insides and to clean our conscience. Water is also used during Baptism in Christian religions because of its purity. A clean body inside and out and a clean conscience will lead to total health.The principle, The Blessing of Water is based not hardly on our bodys physical need for water but also the use of water to clean our body, soul, conscience and mind this is a key to full health. So let us stimulate near to deity with a sincere heart and a sure faith, with hearts that have been purified from a guilty conscience and with bodies washed with clean water (Hebrews 1022 GNT). This quote focuses on the use of water for cleanliness of the physical body and the heart and conscience.Light is essential to life (Gen. 13). It powers the process that produces the nutrients that supply and energize our bodies and that releases the oxygen we must have to live. Sunshine promotes health and healing. Every living thing in our world is dependent on sunlight. There are many proven health benefits champion will receive from being exposed to regular sunlight. Some health benefits that sunlight can give us include lowers blood sugar and blood pressure, lowers cholesterol by converting it to vitamin D, increases red and white blood cells in the body, strengthens the immune corpse, processs calm nerves and increases adrenaline, destroys germs on the skin, increases circulation, helps eliminate pesticides and other chemicals from the body. The sun is an essential part of our life and that has not changed and will never change as we depend on it to live and keep us healthy. Sunlight does need to be in moderation especially in todays society where skin cancer is very high.The most essential element to sustain life is oxygen. Without it we would die in a few minutes. Fresh impart helps the immune system fight disease, rids the body of impurities and helps prevent problems such as fevers, colds and disease. An environment with impure air causes blood to carry less oxygen than is required for optimal function of cells. This tends to make a person less alert and responsive. Adults send away about 8-10 hours indoor(a)s at work and children 5-6 hours indoors at school instead of being outdoors in the fresh air. stud collects on every surface and even as we get rid of it, the dust swirls around and makes its charge into our respiratory system. As we cook food, occasionally we burn a meal or two and those exhaust get inhaled also. Companies try to sell us products to clean the air in our homes, but they add to the indoor air pollution.There is no substitute for fresh air. People living in small towns make out air which is fresher than those living in cities and therefore the benefits are even greater for them. This is because the air in large cities is polluted with smoke from factories and vehicles. More oxygen to the muscles reduces that lactic acid build-up in the muscles which leads to cramping. Ellen White at one time said The stomach, liver, lungs and brain are suffering for want of deep, full inspirations of air which would electrify the blood and cave in to it a bright, lively colour, and which alone can keep it pure, and give tone and vigour to every part of the living machinery.. The hardly weakness of this idea in todays society is the amount of air pollution we are faced with. We are not able to gain the full potential of this idea because of this pollution.The Blessing of a Temperate, Drug-free, Stimulant-free Living includes the use of any drugs even caffeine and alcohol as well as things that overstimulate our bodies like most technologies. The wise Christian will abstain from all that is harmful, using in moderation only that which is good. Drugs have saturated our society because they offer stimulation and release from stress and pain. Christians are surrounded with seductive invitations to use drugs. Even many favourite, innocent-appearing beverages contain drugs coffee, tea and colas etc all contain caffeine. tobacco is another drug that is popular in society but tobacco in any division is a slow poison that has a harmful effect on physical, mental and moral powers. At first it affects are hardly noticeable. It excites and then paralyses the nerve, weakening and clouding the brain. intoxicant is a very popular drug in society today but some hoi polloi do not register that it is a drug and the effects it can have on the body. Since immortal communicates with us only through our minds, it is well to remember that alcohol adversely affects their every function. As the level of alcohol in the system rises, the drinker progresses through loss of coordination, confusion, disorientation, anaesthesia, coma and death. Drinking alcoholic beverages on a regular footing will eventually produce loss of memory, judgement and learning ability. Although the ideas behind this make sense and can improve health, in todays busy society caffeine would have to be one of the highest used drugs.Proper rest is essential for health of body and mind. Periods of rest provide much necessitate quietness for communion with God Be still, and know that I am God (Ps 4610). God stressed our need for rest by setting aside the seventh day of the week as the day of rest (Ex 2010). Rest is more than sleeping or ceasing our regular work. It involves the way we spend our leisure time. Weari ness is not always caused by stress or by working to a fault hard or too long. Our minds can be wearied by overstimulation though the media, sickness or various personal problems. Recreation is re-creation in the truest sense of the word. It strengthens, builds up and refreshes the mind and body. To life at its best, Christians should only pursue only those forms of recreation and entertainment that strengthen their bond with Christ and improve health. This is a much needed principle in todays society but again it is unrealistic with such busy lifestyles.The blessing of nutritious foods was given to the first couple by the Creator with the elevated sustenance. I have provided all kinds of grain and all kinds of fruit for you to eat (Gen 129 GN). The diet God planned for us consisted of grains, fruits, nuts and vegetables. This diet offers the right nutritional ingredients to support optimum health. The password does not condemn the eating of clean animal products, but in the orig inal diet God gave us did not include any flesh foods and this is why the Seventh Day Adventists try to engage a vegetarian diet. The vegetarian diet is the ideal, but sometimes we cannot always have the ideal. Those who wish to stay in optimum health will eat the best food they can obtain. The Seventh Day Adventist started the company funny farm which makes healthy, vegetarian food to help them to obtain the best foods they can. Another weakness of the original diet is that it can reduce the chance of your body to lack in proteins, calcium, vitamin B12, iron and Zinc.Trusting in God means to rely on Him. You must surrender your will, your ideas, your desires and your future in to Gods hands. It takes a very special relationship to concede you to surrender so much. When we trust in god we look to Him for guidance, we look to Him when things go bad, we look to Him for help and we look at Him for love and strength. All God requires from us is to simply trust in Him. Trust in God ca n is the only way that we can overcome our fears and weakness.To trust in God we put all confidence into His character, ability and strength. We depend and have faith in Him we believe He is who He says He is. There are no weakness when trusting in God the only thing that comes when trusting God is the strength to let him into your life and replaces feelings of insecurity and fear with those of love and compassion. We can trust in many things. None, however, offer the protection, the long term security, or benefit that trusting in God offers.Although these health messages are still spoken about and believed in they are not always, in todays society, followed exactly. It is all well and good to think that these principles are a good idea but it is another thing to follow them. We have the mentality these days that yes something may be a good idea and you may believe in what it means and what it is doing but we still dont do it. Times have changed and we are not forced or expected to do things that people were once scared of defying like attending church or following principles of their religion like these health principles. Although these messages are mainly still useful today they need to be put into practice to fulfill any results.ReferencesBible Good News Translation. (1992). Ingleburn, NSW The Bible society.Chamberlain, M. (1997). Cooranbong first town in Lake Macquarie 1826-1996. Cooranbong Michael Chamberlain.Health Systems Check,. (2012) Alcohol and Malnutrition. Health Effects of Alcohol Consumption. Retrieved on 25th May 2012 from http//www.healthchecksystems.com/alcohol.htmHopp, J. (1984). Light for living part 1. diary of Adventist Education. 40(4). Retrieved on 26th May 2012 from http//circle.adventist.org/files/jae/en/jae198446041714.pdfParker, M. (2011). Christian Behaviour. Lecture presented to education students at Avondale College, Cooranbong, NSW.Sun refuge Alliance. (n.d.). The facts about getting too much sun. Skin Cancer. Retrieved 28th May 2012 from http//www.sunsafetyalliance.org/bare_facts.html

Evening News Essay Example for Free

Evening News try outNews is information or a presentation about current events and is reported by a variety of means such as wordpapers, periodicals, radio, television and meshsites on the internet. The reporting of news f eachs into the range of journalism, which argon typically written or broadcast in news style. well-nigh news is investigated and presented by journalists and green goddess be distri saveed to various sites via news agencies.On the other hand, according to a web encyclopedia, miserable for Web log, a web log is a Web page that serves as a publicly convenient individualized journal for an individual. Typically updated daily, web logs often reflect the personality of the author.(par. 1). A blog is a categorisation of a persons experiences in life and what is happening on the Web. It is like a kind of a personal diary-cum-guide site.There are unique types of people, thus, there are as many unique types of blogs as well. In another case, a blog is also a web site that contains dated entries in stop chronological order (most recent commencement exercise) about a particular topic. Functioning as an online newsletter, blogs can be written by one person or a group of contri neverthelessors. Entries contain commentary and tie in to other Web sites, and images as well as a search facility is also included. Most blogs also invite feedback and comments from visitors and Internet newsgroup discussions, which tend to be more question-and-answer oriented.People have already hold blogs before but it only gained momentum in 1999 when automated published systems were introduced. Nowadays, thousands of people use web site blog hosting services to simplify and accelerate the publishing process. The template-based software makes it easy to shit an online blog and continuously allows you to add entries.Similarly like news, a blog is a form of media. However, news is considered a handed-down media while blog is connoted as internet type of me dia. It is a platform to communicate what anyone may wish to let anyone know within reach of an internet connection.In traditional media, you are first defined by your medium. There is some constraint on how the contents are delivered physically or digitally which is determined by your medium. According to Maverick blog article, There is a cost versus epoch versus interest versus access series of constraints that determines who your audience is, how you reach them and what they expect of you. Over time, those constraints have evolved our media into very defined roles(par. 3).Blogs are different. There is no cost constraint. It costs nothing to take a blog. There are time constraints, but much less than traditional media. Bloggers are not pressured to publish or create an article on a schedule. Blogging is basically personal and this is where the paths of blogging and traditional media diverge. Traditional media is business, thus it has bring to pass just corporate while bloggi ng remains almost exclusively personal. However, some bloggers have started to make money from their blogs but what they put in their blogs is all up to them which gives them satisfaction.Members of traditional media are employees. They get hired for a particular proposition job and they have to do that job. They get hired by a corporation that is most probably public, which means that their employers are concerned in getting their stock price up above all else. Thus, they write news and articles that is dictated by subjects perceived to make more money. In comparison to mainstream media, blog gives anyone the freedom to write about anything. They can write opinion. They can report facts. They can ask questions. They can write any topics they want. Individual Web surfers post their own eclectic and varied thoughts. Still, others such as known political parties, religious and professional groups, businesses, and media organizations have created their own blog sites too.A report by S now states that, audience for blogs in general is more than 3.5 million strong, and growing. One group that surveys political blogs believes amidst 20,000 and 25,000 people are regularly talking about political topics on Weblogs. These days people from both corner of the country are finding each other on screen. The impact of all this duologue is hard to gauge, but it is clearly shaping politics and media coverage(par. 16-18).Wright also presented that Blogging grew from the ground up as a grassroots effort. What started as a few people conversing about common interests via real-time Internet postings has become a continuous conversation among millions of bloggers and readers. With millions of bloggers expressing their thoughts, experiences, and information theyve learned in their fields of interest, this medium has become a world dewy-eyed forum(3).Another interesting development of blog in comparison to traditional media is that even news agencies have created their own section termed newsblogs. Auty argues that newsblogs supplement and work alongside traditional news media by filtering and reporting news. She praises the growth of personal diaries and eyewitness accounts (such as those that sprung up after 9/ 11) but overall sees blogs as being a new way of distributing and collecting the news rather than a new source of news itself(341).The rapid pace of technology is changing the nature of blogs as well. The popularity of digital audio players such as the iPod has spurred the growth of blogs with audio content. People can download a wide range of audio files like music and listen to them at their convenience using a PC or a portable media player. The rapid adoption in the use of cell phones with built-in digital cameras and wireless Internet connections is also changing the face and pace of blogging. Bloggers armed with these tools can snap a picture, writes a short caption and then post it on a moblog or mobile log, disregarding of time and place. Th us, with these conveniences brought about by blogging and the personal satisfaction they give on people, it is not strike that future generations will no longer subscribe to traditional media. As Wright argues, blogs have the power to create businesses, change the course of political history, and transform the way the mainstream or traditional media looks at itself.(2).BIBLIOGRAPHYAuty, Caroline(Editor). Politics and judicature in the Age of the Internet.Bradford, , UK Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2005. p 341.Blogging Vs. Traditional Media. Blog Maverick Website. May 13, 2006.27 Oct. 2006http//www.blogmaverick.com/2006/05/13/Snow, Kate. The Power of the Blog. ABC News website. Sept. 26, 2004.27 Oct. 2006http//abcnews.go.com/Politics/Vote2004/story?id=123452page=2Webopedia. The No. 1 Online Encyclopedia dedicated to Computer Technology.26 Oct. 2006http//www.webopedia.com/TERM/b/blog.htmlWright, Jeremy. Blog Marketing.Blacklick, OH, USA McGraw-Hill Companies, The, 2005. p 2-3.

Tamworth Town Essay Example for Free

Tamworth Town flip over upThe task is to create some sort of form that pull up stakes capture the relevant data from the spate who fill it in. Consequently, people fill it in after collecting it in the shop, or at other shops and then we get members, which leads to rentals, and money for my Uncle. The data capture form give be an A5 piece of paper, and will have all the relevant fields needed to enter a new customer into the list. In this task, I will have to office boxes that are the same size and ones that are big decorous to fit hand written letters in. In addition, the boxes will need to be straight, or it will look incompetent.Moreover, to create a professional look, it will have to be a underage form, ii per A4 sheets, because one per A4 sheet would be rather large, and extremely clumsy. Additionally, to reduce incompetence, I should align the boxes singularly, so that any box is in line perfectly. For distributively field I will need the correct minute of bo xes Title = 4 boxes First Name = 16 boxes Second Name = 16 boxes House add = 12 boxes Road Name = 16 boxes Town = 12 boxes Postal Code = 4 and 3 boxes Home Phone = 5 and 6 boxes Date of Birth = 2 and 2 and 4 boxes. give-and-take = 16 boxes Software Requirements The software I choose must be able to Import cyphers, so that I elicit put use my created logo publicly. Create input boxes, so that they depose be filled in appropriately, a letter at a time. Move pictures, so that the logo crapper be moved into an appropriate position. Input school text, so that the input boxes have titles, so that people retire where to write what. Over cream and belowlay objects, so that if the logo is near any input boxes, it derriere under lap them, and not overlap them with its white background.Change the text font, and size, so that I do not have to keep boring Arial text, and can make good titles. Align objects, so that my input boxes can be arranged in a line, so they are straight, and not odd and disproportionate. Software I could use Microsoft Word to do this task. However, it is only a word processor, and cannot do some complex functions I need to perform. It cannot align objects, as far as I know, and for a professional look, I decidedly need this feature, I need the input boxes to look as neat as possible. I similarly know of no way to under and overlap objects in MSWord.This is also important if I tender to place my logo directly above my input boxes, as its white background may go over the tallness of the boxes. I could use Serif Page plus eight for this task. It is a produce program, and has all of the features I need. It can import pictures using the usual copy and paste technique, but by dint of Insert Picture as well. It can create boxes using the object drawer, which preset is a box. So all you need to do is click on the box on the left hand expression toolbar, and draw the box to the wanted size. It can move pictures by dragging them, click, and h old, then drag.It can input text in two ways, a normal frame box, or a graphic text one. The normal one is easier to read, so I will use that. It can over and under lap objects with the two buttons on the arrange toolbar, at the top With these, the left sends the item to the back, and the right one brings the picture to the front. It can change text through the formatting toolbar, which is normally on the top of the display, at the merchantman of all the toolbars. It can align objects by highlighting them and then right clicking and clicking Align Objects, and then selecting to which incline it needs aligning.This is useful because you can choose which side you can align it to. Conclusion I am going to use Serif page plus eight for this task because it is the best program for the job. It can do everything that is needed from the task and can do a lot more than Microsoft Word can. It can underlay and overlap, and it can align objects, both of which are key to the task in hand. It i s simple to use and all the major tools are on the screen in toolbars, no need to use menus. limn Plan I am going to load a new page and then turn it into landscape mode.After that, I will produce titles for each input subject, and then create boxes for each input subject the numbers of boxes are listed above. Then I will put the background in, by creating a square and using the fill and linear techniques to put a white and light pitiful background behind all the boxes. I will then put the logo at the top above all the boxes, to the left a bit, leaving space on the right for the address to go in. After that I will input two more graphics, which are two port-hole type circles, with a blue centre, I have two different sizes, the big will go at the top, and the small at the bottom.

Carroway Clothing Essay Example for Free

Carro appearance Clothing EssayRe Current accounting issues, date benefits and financing options. Thank you for the opportunity to address the current accounting issues, employment benefits and financing options liner Carroway Clothing Limited (CCL)1. SR ED and Development costs treatmentIn reviewing the financial statements it appears that the emergence costs and SRED treatment may not bear been recorded appropriately. The SRED are tax revenue credits to be used towards nonexempt income and should not have been recorded as government grants. Since CCL may not have needed them in the initial years, it can use SRED tax credits against ratable income in the future. It is necessary to identify all SR$ERD activities for proper recording practices so that the credits generated by the SRED can be used against future income.The $975,000 development costs can be expensed or capitalized depending on if the pursuit criteria are metThe project is technically feasibleCCL intends of complete the projectCCL has the ability to use or sell the productThere is probability of future economic benefit will be generated availability of adequate technical and financial recoursesCCL has the ability to measure reliably the expenditures attribute to it.Since the Walton Work Wear melodic phrase is in the production stage, its accumulated development costs should be capitalized. The Carroway Cool Top has not started it commercial production which would get the development costs not to be amortized yet. Also sake costs on loans to generate financing for the RD activates of a product can be capitalized rather than expensed. The capitalization of interest would allow CCL to reduce taxable income in the future when it is to a greater extent profitable.I would suggest that CCL make the above changes immediately so that the financail statements are not incorrect. These changes would friend CCL reduce its future taxable income when it may be more profitable.2. Allowance f or Doubtful Accounts.CCL currently has no allowance for good-for-nothing debts. Even though CCL does not have issue with uncollectible, having an allowance account will provide CCL with the ability to write off debts such as the disputed shipment. Without being able to write off the shipment, will leave the Accounts Receivables overstated, which in turn leads to misstated financial statements. Having an AFDA would allow CCL to record the sale but also recognise that they do not expect stipend from the client. Leaving this account on the accounts receivable would be misleading to CCLs stake bewilderers as it would lead them to believe that CCL is expecting to run into the cash in the near future. IF in the future, the dispute is resolved and the payment is received, CCL can recover the bad debt at that time.I would recommend that CCL create a policy regarding Accounts Receivables immediately. The method for de stipulationining the bad debt do should be determined by CCL managemen t. Methods such a share of sales or a percentage of Account Receivables can be used. Whichever method is chosen, it should be consistent from year to year and the essence should be reasonable.3. Long Term Debt or Initial Public go.CCL is currently looking at an initial common offering ( initial mankind offering) and long term debt as two options to help finance the new research and development (RD) of new products. The bank loan can provided financial stability but will have the interest repaid over a longer time is higher and would be tax deductible. Banks may require financial statements that are audited. CCL will need to be able to prove that it can repay the loan as well as the interest. It may also be required to maintain a debt to equity balance that may prevent it from taking advantage of other opportunities in the future.An IPO offering has the potential to amplify capital which would improve financial rations such as the debt to equity. The increased cash flow will help CCL pay it current payables and reduce debt by negotiating better interest rates in the future. The disadvantage to an IPO would be the potential to lose control over the company and having to be more accountable to other investors. The IPO would also require the financial statement and note disclosure to conform to more nasty requirements, which increase the cost of producing the financial statements. Financial statements will need to follow IFRS and securities regulators generally require 3 years of annual audited financials. It should also be noted that there is a significant cost to offering an IPO and it can be difficult to evaluate the stock set of the shares.I would recommend that CCL portion out the IPO as a viable on to its financing issue as it will be more beneficial in the long term. The change from ASPE to IFRS will be a short term challenge but can be overcome with appropriate professional assistance. I would highly recommend that CCL seek the opinion and assis tance of a professional who deals with IPOs.4. Employee Stock Options.CCL is considering providing employees stock options as a way to reward its employees. As a CCPC, CCL will have no tax consequence for the employees receiving the stock options until they lock in of the shares. The amount taxed as employment income in the year of disposal is the difference between the option price and the FMV of the shares at the time of the option was exercised. The employee may be able to claim a deduction from taxable income equal to half this amount if the shares were worth less than the exercise price when the option was issued or the employee hold the shares for at least two years before selling the shares.There are many alternatives to honor employees besides cash bonuses and stock options. Options can range from published recognition to merchandise such as shirts that the company makes. Time off with pay can also work tomotivate employees for hard work.I would recommend that CCL consider alternatives such as free products and time off as these will be less costly to provide than the stock options. Doing an employee survey would provide feedback to the rewards that the employees would value most.5. Legal issuesCCL is currently facing a pending lawsuit regarding a chemical leak and the non-compliance with environmental regulations. When both of the following conditions are met the amount of the contingent loss must be accrued. Disclosure will be need if the following conditions are met The likely hood that the verdict will be against CCLA reasonable estimate of the amount o f the lawsuit can be made.The lawsuit may also lead customers and the public to believe that CCL acted negligently. This will reflect poorly on CCL and may lead to decreased sales and a damaged reputationIf there is no accrual, there should be disclosure in the financial notes, stating the disposition of the contingency, estimate of the amount or that an estimate cannot be made and exposure to los s in unembellished of the amount accrued. If CCL does not disclose, it would be misleading to the financial statement user.I would recommend that CCL consult with their juristic advisors immediately to determine the likelihood of a lawsuit and the potential liabilities. Also, CCL should be prepared to address the disconfirming publicity that the lawsuit may create.Should you require further clarification on any matters, please do not hesitate to contact me.